411Chapter 19 .Body Text Objects BR Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15.
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410 Part III . Document Objects Reference BLOCKQUOTE and Q Element Objects For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. Properties Methods Event Handlers cite Syntax Accessing BLOCKQUOTE or Q element object properties or methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) About these objects The BLOCKQUOTE element is a special-purpose text container. Browsers typi cally start the content on its own line in the body and indent on both the left and right margins approximately 40 pixels. An inline quotation can be encased inside a Q element, which does not force the quoted material to start on the next line. From an object point of view, the only property that distinguishes these two objects from any other kind of contextual container is the cite property, which comes from the HTML 4.0 CITEattribute. This attribute simply provides a URL ref erence for the citation and does not act as an SRCor HREFattribute to load an external document. Property cite Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The cite property can contain a URL (as a string) that points to the source of the quotation in the BLOCKQUOTE or Q element. Future browsers may provide some automatic user interface link to the source document, but none of the browsers that support the cite property do anything special with this information. Related Items: None. BLOCKQUOTE.cite
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Body Text 19Objects CHAPTER …. Alarge number of HTML elements fall into a catchall category of elements whose purposes are slightly more targeted than contextual elements covered in Chapter 15. In this group are some very widely used elements, such as the H1 through H6 header elements, plus several elements that are not yet widely used because their full support may be lacking in even some of the most modern browsers. In this chapter, you find all sorts of text-related objects, excluding those objects that act as form controls (text boxes and such, which are covered in Chapter 25). For the most part, properties, methods, and event handlers of this chapter s objects are the generic ones covered in Chapter 15. Only those items that are unique to each object are covered in this chapter (as will be the case in all succeeding chapters). Beyond the HTML element objects covered in this chapter, you also meet the TextRange object, first introduced in IE4, and the corresponding Range object from the W3C DOM implemented in NN6. This object is a very powerful one for scripters because it allows scripts to work very closely with body content not in terms of, for example, the innerText or nodeValue properties of elements, but rather in terms of the text as it appears on the page in what users see as paragraphs, lists, and the like. The TextRange and Rangeobjects essentially give your scripts cursor control over running body text for functions, such as cutting, copying, pasting, and applications that extend from those basic operations search and replace, for instance. Bear in mind that everything you read in this chapter requires in the least the dynamic object models of IE4+ and NN6+; some items require IE5+. Unfortunately, the IE TextRangeobject is not implemented in IE5/Mac. In This Chapter Objects that display running body text in documents Using the NN Range and IE TextRange objects Scripting search and replace actions ….
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407Chapter 18 .The Document and Body Objects expected. You may find the common trick of using setTimeout()to delay the invocation of the doScroll() method by a fraction of a second. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD Related Items: body.scroll, body.scrollTop, body.scrollLeft properties; window.scroll(), window.scrollBy(), window.scrollTo() methods. Event handlers onAfterPrint onBeforePrint See the onAfterPrint event handler for the window object, Chapter 16. onScroll NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The onScroll event handler fires for the BODY element object as the result of manual scrolling of the document (via scrollbars or navigation keyboard keys) and scripted scrolling via the doScroll()method, scrollIntoView()method, or adjusting the scrollTopand/or scrollLeft properties of the BODY element object. For manual scrolling and scrolling by doScroll(), the event seems to fire twice in succession. Moreover, the event.srcElementproperty is null, even when the BODY element is handling the onScroll event handler. On the Example on the CD with Listing 18-21 CD-ROM Related Items: body.scrollTop, body.scrollLeft properties; srcollIntoView(), body.doScroll() methods. … document.body.onScroll
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406 Part III . Document Objects Reference doScroll([ scrollAction ]) Returns: Nothing. Compatibility NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 . IE5.5 . Use the doScroll() method (not implemented in IE5/Mac) to simulate user action on the scrollbars inside a window or frame that holds the current document. This method comes in handy if you are creating your own scrollbars in place of the standard system scrollbars. Scrolling is instantaneous, however, rather than with animation even if the Display control panel is set for animated scrolling. The parameter for this method is one of the string constant values shown in Table 18-6. In practice, occasionally the longer scroll action names more closely simulate an actual click on the scrollbar component, whereas the shortcut versions may scroll at a slightly different increment. Table 18-6 document.body.doScroll() Parameters Long Parameter Short Parameter Scroll Action Simulates scrollbarDown down Clicking the down arrow. scrollbarHThumb n/a Clicking the horizontal scrollbar thumb (no scrolling action). scrollbarLeft left Clicking the left arrow. scrollbarPageDown pageDown Clicking the page down area or pressing PgDn (default). scrollbarPageLeft pageLeft Clicking the page left area. scrollbarPageRight pageRight Clicking the page right area. scrollbarPageUp pageUp Clicking the page up area or pressing PgUp. scrollbarVThumb n/a Clicking the vertical scrollbar thumb (no scrolling action). Unlike scrolling to a specific pixel location (by setting the BODY element s scrollTop and scrollLeftproperties), the doScroll() method depends entirely on the spatial relationship between the body content and the window or frame size. Also, the doScroll() method triggers the onScollevent handler for the BODY element object. Be aware that scripted modifications to body content can alter these spatial relationships. IE is prone to being sluggish in updating all of its internal dimensions after content has been altered. Should you attempt to invoke the doScroll() method after such a layout modification, the scroll may not be performed as document.body.doScroll()
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405Chapter 18 .The Document and Body Objects text See aLink. topMargin See bottomMargin. vLink See aLink. Methods createControlRange() Returns: Array. NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . This method is listed here for the sake of completeness. Microsoft has so far pro vided few clues as to when or how to use a controlRange object, except that it has something to do with a document in edit mode. In regular document view mode, the createControlRange() method (not implemented in IE5/Mac) returns an empty array. createTextRange() Returns: TextRange object. NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The BODY element object is the most common object to use to generate a TextRange object in IE4+, especially when the text you are about to manipulate is part of the document s body text. The initial TextRangeobject returned from the createTextRange() method (not implemented in IE5/Mac) encompasses the entire BODY element s HTML and body text. Further action on the returned object is required to set the start and end point of the range. See Chapter 19 s discussion of the TextRange object for more details. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD Related Items: TextRange object (Chapter 19). document.body.createTextRange()
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404 Part III . Document Objects Reference scroll Value: Constant String Read/Write Compatibility NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 . IE5 . IE5.5 . The IE-specific scroll property provides scripted access to the IE-specific SCROLL attribute of a BODY element. By default, an IE BODY element displays a vertical scrollbar even if the height of the content does not warrant it; a horizontal scrollbar appears only when the content is forced to be wider than the window or frame. You can make sure that both scrollbars are hidden by setting the SCROLL attribute to no or changing it via script. Possible values for this property are the constant strings yes and no. Other than frame attributes and NN4+ signed scripts, other browsers do not provide facilities for turning off scrollbars under script control. You can generate a new window (via the window.open() method) and specify that its scrollbars be hidden. On the Example on the CD CD-ROM Related Items: window.scrollbars property; window.open() method. scrollLeft scrollTop Value: Integer Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . Even though the scrollLeft and scrollTopproperties of the BODY object are the same as those for generic HTML element objects, they play an important roll in determining the position of positioned elements (described more fully in Chapter 31). Because the mouse event and element position properties tend to be relative to the visible content region of the browser window, you must take the scrolling values of the document.bodyobject into account when assigning an absolute position. Values for both of these properties are integers representing pixels. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD with Listing 18-20 Related Items: window.pageXOffset, window.pageYOffset properties. document.body.scrollLeft
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403Chapter 18 .The Document and Body Objects Example on the CD On the CD-ROM Related Items: style object. leftMargin See bottomMargin. link See aLink. noWrap Value: Boolean Read/Write Compatibility NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 . IE5 . IE5.5 . The noWrap property lets you modify the BODY element behavior normally set via the NOWRAPattribute. Because the property name is a negative, the Boolean logic needed to control it can get confusing. The default behavior for a BODY element is for text to wrap within the width of the window or frame. This behavior occurs when the value of noWrapis its default value of false. By turning noWrap to true, a line of text continues to render past the right edge of the window or frame until the HTML contains a line break (or end of paragraph). If the text continues on past the right edge of the window, the window (or frame) gains a horizontal scrollbar (of course, not if a frame is set to not scroll). By and large, users don t like to scroll in any direction if they don t have to. Unless you have a special need to keep single lines intact, let the default behavior rule the day. On the Example on the CD CD-ROM Related Items: None. rightMargin See bottomMargin. document.body.rightMargin
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402 Part III . Document Objects Reference bgProperties Value: String constant Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The IE-specific bgProperties property is an alternative way of adjusting whether the background image should remain fixed when the user scrolls the document or if it should scroll with the document. Initial settings for this behavior should be done via the background-attachment CSS attribute and modified under script control by way of the BODY element s style.backgroundAttachment property. No matter which way you reference this property, the only allowable values are string constants scroll (the default) or fixed. On the Example on the CD CD-ROM Related Items: body.background property. bottomMargin leftMargin rightMargin topMargin Value: Integer Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The four IE-specific margin properties are alternatives to setting the corresponding four margin style sheet attributes for the BODY element (body.style.marginBottom, and so on). Style sheet margins represent blank space between the edge of an element s content and its next outermost container. In the case of the BODY element, that container is an invisible document container. Of the four properties, only the one for the bottom margin may be confusing if the content does not fill the vertical space of a window or frame. The margin value is not automatically increased to accommodate the extra blank space. Different versions and operating system implementations of IE4+ offer a variety of default integer values for these properties. But be aware that their values are not necessarily returned by these properties unless they are explicitly set in the IE- proprietary BODY element attributes of the same name. Therefore, even though a default BODY has a visible margin, the property does not return that default value. document.body.bottomMargin
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401Chapter 18 .The Document and Body Objects NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The aLink, link, and vLink properties are the new versions of the document properties alinkColor, linkColor, and vlinkColor. The bgColor is the same as the old document.bgColor property, while the textproperty is the new version of the document.fgColorproperty. These new properties are the scripted equivalents of the HTML attributes for the BODY element the property names more closely align themselves with the HTML attributes than the old property names. Link colors that are set via pseudo-class selectors in style sheets (as STYLE attributes of the BODY element) must be accessed via the styleproperty for the BODY object. Over time, these properties will likely fall into disuse as style sheets become more common. On the Example on the CD CD-ROM Related Items: document.alinkColor, document.bgColor, document.fgColor, document.linkColor, document.vlinkColor properties. background Value: URL String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The background property lets you set or get the URL for the background image (if any) assigned to the BODY element. A BODY element s background image overlays the background color in case both attributes or properties are set. To remove an image from the document s background, set the document.body.background property to an empty string. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD Related Items: body.bgColor, body.bgProperties properties. bgColor See aLink document.body.bgColor
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